Chapter 5, Sroto Vimana (Chapter on the Systemic inner Transport System in Human Body)
अथातः स्रोतसां विमानं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
Now we shall expound the chapter on specific features of srotas i.e. channels. Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]
Srotas (transport systems)
यावन्तः पुरुषे मूर्तिमन्तो भावविशेषास्तावन्त एवास्मिन् स्रोतसां प्रकारविशेषाः| सर्वे हि भावा पुरुषे नान्तरेण स्रोतांस्यभिनिर्वर्तन्ते, क्षयं वाऽप्यभिगच्छन्ति|
There are as many types of srotas as there are corporeal entities. All such entities do not arise or decay in the absence of srotas.
SROTAS - channels of circulation
स्रोतांसि खलु परिणाममापद्यमानानां धातूनामभिवाहीनि भवन्त्ययनार्थेन||३||
Srotamsi are defined as inner transporting channels of dhatus undergoing transformation. [3]
HOW SROTAS IS DIFFERENT FROM PURUSHA
अपि चैके स्रोतसामेव समुदयंपुरुषमिच्छन्ति, सर्वगतत्वात् सर्वसरत्वाच्च दोषप्रकोपणप्रशमनानाम्| न त्वेतदेवं, यस्य हि स्रोतांसि, यच्च वहन्ति, यच्चावहन्ति,यत्र चावस्थितानि, सर्वं तदन्यत्तेभ्यः||४||
Some experts opine that an individual / purusha is just the aggregate of innumerable srotamsi because of their pervasiveness and the diffusiveness of agents that aggravate or pacify doshas.
- However, it is not correct because that which srotas belongs to, which they carry, nourish and where they are situated, all that is different from srotamsithemselves.
NUMBER OF SROTAS - different opinions
अतिबहुत्वात् खलु केचिदपरिसङ्ख्येयान्याचक्षते स्रोतांसि, परिसङ्ख्येयानि पुनरन्ये||५||
- Some experts hold that srotamsi are innumerable because they are many
- while others consider them as definite in number. [4-5]
important varieties of SROTAS
तेषां तु खलु स्रोतसां यथास्थूलं कतिचित्प्रकारान्मूलतश्च प्रकोपविज्ञानतश्चानुव्याख्यास्यामः; ये भविष्यन्त्यलमनुक्तार्थज्ञानाय ज्ञानवतां, विज्ञानाय चाज्ञानवताम्||६||
I will give examples of some types of srotas according to their origin and abnormalities, which will suffice for the learned to know about those not mentioned here and for the mediocre to grasp them fully.
Some of the major srotas include
तद्यथा प्राणोदकान्नरसरुधिरमांसमेदोस्थिमज्जशुक्रमूत्रपुरीषस्वेदवहानीति
- those carrying
- prana i.e. vital breath,
- udaka or water,
- anna or food,
- rasa or plasma,
- rakta or red blood,
- mamsa or muscle,
- meda or adipose,
- asthi or bone,
- majja or marrow,
- shukra i.e. reproductive elements,
- mutra or urine,
- purisha or feces and
- sweda or sweat.
वातपित्तश्लेष्मणां पुनः सर्वशरीरचराणां सर्वाणि स्रोतांस्ययनभूतानि, तद्वदतीन्द्रियाणां पुनः सत्त्वादीनां केवलं चेतनावच्छरीरमयनभूतमधिष्ठानभूतं च|
- As regards vata-pittta-kapha, they move all over the body with all the srotamsi serving as their passages.
- Similarly, for mind etc. which transcend sense organs, the entire sentient body serves as a passage as well as its location.
तदेतत् स्रोतसां प्रकृतिभूतत्वान्न विकारैरुपसृज्यते शरीरम्||७||
As long as these srotamsi are normal, the body is not inflicted with any disorder. [6-7]
Roots / Moolam of transportation channels and signs of their vitiation
1. Pranavaha srotas
तत्र प्राणवहानां स्रोतसां हृदयं मूलं महास्रोतश्च,
प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं भवति;तद्यथा- अतिसृष्टमतिबद्धं कुपितमल्पाल्पमभीक्ष्णं वा सशब्दशूलमुच्छ्वसन्तं दृष्ट्वा प्राणवहान्यस्य स्रोतांसि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्|
For pranavaha srotas, the origin is the hridaya as well as the mahasrotas,
The symptoms appearing when they are afflicted include too long, too short, aggravated, shallow or frequent breaths with sound and pain. This indicates the affliction of pranavaha srotas.
2. Udakavaha Srotas
उदकवहानां स्रोतसां तालुमूलं क्लोम च,
प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा- जिह्वाताल्वोष्ठकण्ठक्लोमशोषं पिपासां चातिप्रवृद्धां दृष्ट्वोदकवहान्यस्य स्रोतांसि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्|
For udakavaha srotas, the origin is talu and kloma i.e. throat and the palate.
The symptoms of an afflicted udakavaha srotas include dryness of tongue, palate, lips, throat and kloma (oropharynx) and excessive thirst. By observing these symptoms, one should know that the udakavaha srotas is affected.
3. Annavaha Srotas
अन्नवहानां स्रोतसामामाशयो मूलं वामं च पार्श्वं,
प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं भवति;तद्यथा- अनन्नाभिलषणमरोचकविपाकौ छर्दिं च दृष्ट्वाऽन्नवहान्यस्य स्रोतांसि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्|
Annavaha srotamsi have their origin in stomach / amasaya and the left side of the trunk / vama of parswa.
The symptoms of their afflictions include lack of appetite, anorexia, indigestion and vomiting.
4. Rasavaha Srotas
रसवहानां स्रोतसां हृदयं मूलं दश च धमन्यः|
The rasavaha srotamsi have their origin in hridaya i.e. heart and dashadhamanis i.e. ten major arterial trunks.
5. Raktavaha Srotas
शोणितवहानां स्रोतसां यकृन्मूलं प्लीहा च|
The raktavaha srotamsi have their origin in yakrit /liver and pleeha / spleen.
6.Mamsavaha Srotas
मांसवहानां च स्रोतसां स्नायुर्मूलं त्वक् च|
Mamsavaha srotamsi have their root in ligaments and the skin.
7. medovaha srotas
मेदोवहानां स्रोतसां वृक्कौ मूलं वपावहनं च|
Medovaha srotas has its root in the vrikka i.e. kidney and omentum.
8. asthivaha srotas
अस्थिवहानां स्रोतसां मेदो मूलं जघनं च|
Asthivaha srotamsi arise from medas i.e. fat and buttocks.
9. majjavaha srotas
मज्जवहानां स्रोतसामस्थीनि मूलं सन्धयश्च|
Majjavaha srotas has its origin in bones and joints
10. Sukravaha Srotas
शुक्रवहानां स्रोतसां वृषणौ मूलं शेफश्च|
while the shukravaha srotas has its roots in testicles and penis.
प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषां रसादिवहस्रोतसां विज्ञानान्युक्तानि विविधाशितपीतीये; यान्येव हि धातूनां प्रदोषविज्ञानानि तान्येव यथास्वं प्रदुष्टानां धातुस्रोतसाम्|
As regards their morbidities, the same has been described in the chapter on various foods and drinks. The symptoms of the affected srotamsi carrying dhatus are the same as those of the respective dhatus.
11. Mutravaha Srotas
मूत्रवहानां स्रोतसां बस्तिर्मूलं वङ्क्षणौ च,
प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा- अतिसृष्टमतिबद्धं प्रकुपितमल्पाल्पमभीक्ष्णं वा बहलं सशूलं मूत्रयन्तं दृष्ट्वा मूत्रवहान्यस्य स्रोतांसि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्|
The mutravaha srotas i.e. the channels carrying urine originate from basti and vankshana (pelvic region including kidneys and the urinary bladder). The symptoms of their affliction include excessive excretion, excessive obstruction or suppression of urine, vitiated, diminished or frequent, thick urine with pain.
12. Purishavaha Srotas
पुरीषवहानां स्रोतसां पक्वाशयो मूलं स्थूलगुदं च, प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा- कृच्छ्रेणाल्पाल्पं सशब्दशूलमतिद्रवमतिग्रथितमतिबहु चोपविशन्तं दृष्ट्वा पुरीषवहान्यस्य स्रोतांसि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्|
Purishvaha srotas, the channels carrying feces, have their origin in colon and anorectal region. Symptoms of their morbidity include difficulty in evacuating bowels, scanty stools, passage with sound and pain, loose motions, or irritable/irregular bowels.
13. Swedavaha srotas
स्वेदवहानां स्रोतसां मेदो मूलं लोमकूपाश्च, प्रदुष्टानां तु खल्वेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा-अस्वेदनमतिस्वेदनं पारुष्यमतिश्लक्ष्णतामङ्गस्य परिदाहं लोमहर्षं च दृष्ट्वा स्वेदवहान्यस्य स्रोतांसि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्||८||
Swedavaha srotamsi carrying the sweat has their root in the adipose tissue and hair follicles. The symptoms of their affliction are loss of perspiration, excessive perspiration, coarseness, excessive smoothness, excessive burning sensation and horripilation. (8)
Synonyms of srotas
- Srotas,
- sira,
- dhamani,
- rasayani,
- rasavahini,
- nadi,
- pantha,
- marga,
- sharirachhidra,
- samritasavritta,
- sthana,
- ashaya and
- niketa
are the names of visible and invisible spaces within the sharira dhatus (body tissues).
तेषां प्रकोपात् स्थानस्थाश्चैव मार्गगाश्च शरीरधातवःप्रकोपमापद्यन्ते,
इतरेषां प्रकोपादितराणि च|
Due to morbidity / vitiation / prakopa of these channels related to sharira dhatus, any passage that is undergoing transformation or is in a fully transformed state of respective sharira dhatu also gets affected.
स्रोतांसि स्रोतांस्येव, धातवश्च धातूनेव
प्रदूषयन्ति प्रदुष्टाः|
Likewise, morbidity of other srotamsi affects the respective contents. The srotamsi affect related srotas and so do the dhatus.
तेषां सर्वेषामेव वातपित्तश्लेष्माणः प्रदुष्टा दूषयितारो भवन्ति, दोषस्वभावादिति||९||
Because of their nature, vitiated vata-pitta-kapha tend to infect all that they come in contact with. [9]
Causes of vitiation of srotas
भवन्ति चात्र-
So, the verses:
1. pranavaha srotas
क्षयात् सन्धारणाद्रौक्ष्याद्व्यायामात् क्षुधितस्य च| प्राणवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति स्रोतांस्यन्यैश्च दारुणैः||१०||
Pranavaha srotamsi are affected due to wasting, suppression of urges, roughness, physical exercise during hunger and affection of other srotas.
2. udakkavaha srotas
औष्ण्यादामाद्भयात् पानादतिशुष्कान्नसेवनात्| अम्बुवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति तृष्णायाश्चातिपीडनात्||११||
The udakavah srotamsi are affected due to heat, ama, fear, excessive alcohol drinking, consumption of dry food and suppression of thirst.
3. annvaha srotas
अतिमात्रस्य चाकाले चाहितस्य च भोजनात्| अन्नवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति वैगुण्यात् पावकस्य च||१२||
Annavaha srotamsi are affected due to overeating, untimely eating, unwholesome food and derangement of digestive fire.
4. rasavaha srotas
गुरुशीतमतिस्निग्धमतिमात्रं समश्नताम्|
रसवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति चिन्त्यानां चातिचिन्तनात्||१३||
Those who eat food that is heavy, cold, over-unctuous and in excessive quantity and perform excessive mental work suffer from disorders of rasavaha srotas.
5. raktavaha srotas
विदाहीन्यन्नपानानि स्निग्धोष्णानि द्रवाणि च| रक्तवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति भजतां चातपानलौ||१४||
Those who consume food and drinks which may cause a sensation of burning and those who consume unctuous, hot and liquid food and get exposed to Sun or fire, are afflicted by disorders of raktavaha srotas.
6. mamsavaha srotas
अभिष्यन्दीनि भोज्यानि स्थूलानि च गुरूणि च| मांसवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति भुक्त्वा च स्वपतां दिवा||१५||
Those who consume lot of channel-blocking, bulky and heavy food and also sleep during the day suffer from disorders of mamsavaha srotas.
7. medovaha srotas
अव्यायामाद्दिवास्वप्नान्मेद्यानां चातिभक्षणात्| मेदोवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति वारुण्याश्चातिसेवनात्||१६||
The medovaha srotas is afflicted due to lack of physical exercise, sleeping during the day, and excessive intake of fatty food and alcoholic drinks.
8. asthivaha srotas
व्यायामादतिसङ्क्षोभादस्थ्नामतिविघट्टनात्| अस्थिवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति वातलानां च सेवनात्||१७||
The asthivaha srotamsi are affected due to excessive physical exercise, excessive jerks to the body, excessive rubbing of bones and constant use of vata-aggravating material.
9. majjavaha srotas
उत्पेषादत्यभिष्यन्दादभिघातात् प्रपीडनात्| मज्जवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति
विरुद्धानां च सेवनात्||१८||
The majjavaha srotamsi are afflicted due to crushing, excessive discharge, trauma, compression and repeated consumption of incompatible foods.
10. sukravaha srotas
अकालयोनिगमनान्निग्रहादतिमैथुनात्| शुक्रवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति शस्त्रक्षाराग्निभिस्तथा||१९||
Shukravaha srotamsi are affected due to sexual acts at inappropriate hours and through non-vaginal tract, suppression of discharge of semen, excessive coitus and faulty surgical procedures, or if kshara and agni karma procedures are administered for cauterization.
11. mutravaha srotas
मूत्रितोदकभक्ष्यस्त्रीसेवनान्मूत्रनिग्रहात्| मूत्रवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति क्षीणस्याभिक्षतस्य च||२०||
The mutravaha srotamsi are affected due to consumption of water, food and coitus during the urge for micturition, suppression of the urge of micturition specially in persons who are suffering from wasting and trauma.
12. purishavaha srotas
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